A guide to understanding
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Knowledge is one of the most powerful tools we have to support mental well-being. Whether you’re here to understand your own experiences, support someone else or simply learn more, you’ll find clear information on conditions, symptoms, treatment and more. These resources can be a useful starting point.
About ADHD
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a mental health condition characterized by inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity.
ADHD is usually diagnosed in childhood, but it does not only affect children. According to the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI), about 9% of children (4-17) in America live with ADHD, while just over 4% of adults (18-44) have ADHD.
Information adapted from NAMI and Mental Health America.
What does ADHD look like?
There are three types of ADHD, defined by the presenting type(s) of behavior:
Inattentive ADHD is categorized through behaviors like:
- Difficulty following instructions or focusing attention
- Becoming bored with tasks quickly
- Frequently losing items
- Trouble listening
- Difficulty processing information quickly
Hyperactive/impulsive ADHD is categorized through behaviors like:
- Difficulty sitting still or frequent fidgeting
- Interrupting or having trouble taking turns
- Non-stop talking
- Difficulty with quiet tasks
Combined ADHD presents as a combination of both inattentive and hyperactive behaviors.
While anyone can experience these behaviors, people with ADHD have trouble controlling them, experience them frequently and they stay present for prolonged periods of time—at least six months.
What causes ADHD?
ADHD research shows genetics play a large role in the development of ADHD. According to Mental Health America (MHA), between 30-40% of children diagnosed with ADHD have relatives with the same disorder. Research also suggests that ADHD is caused by an imbalance or lack of chemicals in the brain that regulate its ability to control behavior.
Some environmental factors, such as alcohol or cigarette use in pregnancy, can be linked to ADHD in children. Lead exposure can also increase the likelihood of ADHD in children. According to MHA, there is little scientific evidence to suggest that other environmental factors, dietary factors such as food dyes or sugar, inner-ear problems or “visual motor” difficulties are underlying causes of ADHD.
How do I know if I have ADHD?
If you believe you or your child may be experiencing ADHD, reach out to your doctor. They can determine your diagnosis and help you get connected to treatment options. While there is not a single test for ADHD, a doctor can help you identify your symptoms and rule out other environmental or medical causes for what you are experiencing.
How is ADHD treated?
Treatment plans look different for every patient. ADHD is commonly managed and treated with multiple approaches, including:
- Medication
- Behavioral therapy
- Self-management and assistance through school or work